Beliefs about medicines questionnaire (BMQ) Horne, Weinman, Hankins, () Psychology and Health, 14, BMQ –Specific. Your views about medicines. This paper presents a novel method for assessing cognitive representations of medication: the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). The BMQ-Specific assesses representations of medication prescribed for personal use and the BMQ-General assesses beliefs about medicines in general.

Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)

Irrespective of chronic illness and age, low alpha values in the Maltese study are thought to be related to the concept of natural remedies being relatively new and thereby misunderstood by the cohort. Published online Mar Permission was obtained from Prof Robert Horne the developer for use of the instrument. The level of education of most of the participants in Malta was similar to the Portuguese version where the majority of patients had completed elementary school and with the original BMQ where the majority of participants had a secondary level of education.

Back translation The Maltese version was back translated to English by a certified translator who had no access to the original version of the BMQ, since reversibility is crucial to equivalence. Medication beliefs were evaluated using the BMQ which is divided into two sections: Items G5 and G6 loaded on component 2 harm. The General-Harm sub-scale assesses beliefs about how harmful medicines are and the General-Overuse sub-scale addresses the concept of over-prescription of medication by doctors who place too much trust in them.

BMQ - Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire

Internal consistency and reliability for these sub-scales were also comparable to the other studies with the closest values being those reported in the Greek version used to study patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

This scale presented some anomalies with respect to the internal consistency. Medicines are vital components which are needed to maintain and improve health, however, they may still be perceived as unsafe, expensive, and unavailable, and on most occasions, are not taken properly.

However, anecdotally, when taking the items into consideration, G5 Medicines do more harm than good might have loaded on the overuse scale as patients might associate harm to be directly related to over-prescription, whereas G7 Doctors trust medicines too much might lead patients to assume that too much trust in medicines by practitioners leads to over-prescription and overuse, which could in turn lead to adverse effects which might be harmful.

Sampling strategy Patients were recruited through the outpatient clinics, of the main general hospital, in Malta, between July and September The principal investigator asked the patients for a few minutes of their time, explained to them that she was conducting a study on the beliefs about medicines and asked them if they would be kind enough to fill in the questionnaire.

Ingrid GattLorna M. A conceptual primer on coefficient alpha. Finalisation of the translation allowed for any necessary modifications or rewording of the items.

Investigating beliefs about medicines has been of interest over the past years, with studies aiming to better understand theoretical reasons behind development of such beliefs. Items S2, S3 and S9 loaded on component 4 concerns with S6 and S8 having higher loadings on component 2 harm rather than component 4 concerns.

People who take medicines should stop their treatment for a while every now and again. Int J Clin Health Psychol. METHODS Instrument The BMQ consists of an item questionnaire which assesses medication beliefs in general and in specific conditions allowing for the investigation of the overall perceptions of medication in general BMQ—Generalas well as perceptions of medication in more definite situations such as chronic illnesses BMQ —Specific.

When comparing alpha values obtained for the Maltese study with other studies carried out 79 - 121621242930 Table 9 it was noted that despite the notion that alpha values of 0.

In the case of the Specific-concerns factor, all items loaded on the concerns factor, however items S6 My medicines are a mystery to me and S8 My medicines disrupt my life gave higher loadings on the General harm factor.

Psychometric properties of the Belief about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) in the Maltese language

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire into Portuguese. Necessity and Concerns, 5 items per sub-scale.

Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. Internal consistency values for the German study 7 and the Spanish studies 910 were all above 0. Factor loadings include 0.

After conducting PCA with restriction to two factors, item S6 loaded on two components, with a loading of 0. Item G2 loaded on component 1 overuse despite the item belonging to the Harm sub-scale. Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Low alpha values could be indicative of certain items on the general overuse scale not measuring the same concept.

Spanish Tordera et al.

Theory and Practice in Language Studies. Procedure as per Wild et al. Maltese nationality; taking medication for their condition for at least two months; and being 18 years of age and over. Satisfactory review of comparison of both English versions back translation and original resulted in the finalisation of the Maltese language version of the BMQ. For the purpose of the present study, only the Maltese version was used.

To our knowledge, a validated tool to assess adherence to medicines is not available in the Maltese language.

Support Center Support Center. Ohio State University; The physicians were briefed about the aims of the study, the BMQ itself and the target number of patients to be recruited.

Conforming to the rules governing Maltese writing is important since it respects the general feeling of the people — errors in Maltese are often regarded as denigrating the language in the Maltese Islands. Cronbach alpha values obtained for different chronic illness groups within the Maltese population.

However, Mahler et al. The patients selected were those with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, diabetes, depression or cardiovascular disease. Tavakol M, Denick R.